Everyday echocardiography condensed into short, checkable notes for the machine, the ward round and the exam.
The adult normal values used in routine echocardiography reporting, gathered into one reference you can check against at the machine.
Category: Echocardiography
Free echocardiography teaching from the Academy of Elite Doctors, covering image acquisition, chamber quantification, Doppler measurement, systolic and diastolic function, and valve severity assessment.
The emphasis throughout is on the numbers that change management and on knowing where each one stops being reliable. A valve area calculated from an off-axis LVOT measurement is not a borderline result, it is a wrong one — and low-flow low-gradient aortic stenosis, discordant valve measurements and the indeterminate diastolic result are treated as the common problems they are rather than as footnotes.
Reference ranges are published in full and free to use, and the calculations behind them can be performed directly with the Academy’s cardiology calculators. Written for cardiology trainees and for the emergency and intensive care physicians who perform focused studies and need a clear account of where their competence ends. All material is written and clinically reviewed by Dr A M Thirugnanam, MD, MSICP, FSCAI, Ph.D.